Toluene, or methylbenzene, is a colorless, volatile liquid with a distinct, sweet odor, widely used as a solvent and in the production of chemicals. It is highly flammable and can cause health issues, so it must be handled with care. Its common uses include paints, paint thinners, glues, adhesives, and as a component in gasoline and various industrial products.
Properties and characteristics
- Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
- Odor: Distinctive, sweet, and pungent
- Chemical Formula:

- Flammability: Highly flammable, with a low flash point
- Solubility: Insoluble in water but mixes well with many organic solvents
- Density: Less dense than water, so it floats on the surface
Common uses
- Solvent: Used in paints, lacquers, glues, and as a thinner
- Fuel: A component in gasoline, especially aviation gasoline
- Industrial Chemical Production: A starting material for making other chemicals like TDI (for polyurethane foam), trinitrotoluene (TNT), dyes, and pharmaceuticals
- Cosmetics: Found in some nail polishes and removers
- Other applications: Used in printing, leather tanning, and as a cleaning agent in some pharmaceutical processes
Health and safety
- Toxicity: Can be harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. Chronic exposure can lead to central nervous system depression and other serious health effects.
- Flammability Hazard: It is a significant fire hazard at typical room temperatures.
- Handling: Should be stored indoors in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from oxidizing materials.